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Nagao's theorem : ウィキペディア英語版
Nagao's theorem

In mathematics, Nagao's theorem, named after Hirosi Nagao, is a result about the structure of the group of 2-by-2 invertible matrices over the ring of polynomials over a field. It has been extended by Serre to give a description of the structure of the corresponding matrix group over the coordinate ring of a projective curve.
==Nagao's theorem==

For a general ring ''R'' we let GL2(''R'') denote the group of invertible 2-by-2 matrices with entries in ''R'', and let ''R''
*
denote the group of units of ''R'', and let
: B(R) = \left\lbracec} a & b \\ 0 & d \end}\right) : a,d \in R^
*, ~ b \in R }\right\rbrace.
Then ''B''(''R'') is a subgroup of GL2(''R'').
Nagao's theorem states that in the case that ''R'' is the ring ''K''() of polynomials in one variable over a field ''K'', the group GL2(''R'') is the amalgamated product of GL2(''K'') and ''B''(''K''()) over their intersection ''B''(''K'').

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